A Survey on Various Dynamic Power Management Techniques in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are used in variety of fields which includes military, healthcare, environmental, biological, home and other commercial applications. This Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) which are battery powered, present a challenge of long term sustainability. So power management is an import concern which can be done at two levels such as sensor subsystems and network subsystem. The network subsystem aspect of the power management touching the energy conservation schemes like duty cycling, data driven approaches and mobility. The researchers also proposed many different energy efficient routing protocols to achieve the desired network operations. Wireless sensor networks, WSNs, are large networks composed of small sensor nodes, SNs, with limited computer resources capable for gathering, data processing and communicating. Energy consumption represents a barrier challenge in many sensor network applications that require long lifetimes, usually an order of several years. Sensor nodes, as constituents of wireless sensor networks, are battery driven devices and operate on an extremely frugal energy budget. Conventional low-power design techniques and hardware architectures only provide partial solutions which are insufficient for sensor networks with energy-hungry sensors. In Wireless Sensor Network the number of nodes which are organized into a cooperative network. WSN is a network that contained battery-powered nodes which route the data from source node to sink. Each node consumes energy in order to transmit or receive the data on its radio. But it is almost very difficult to change or recharge batteries; therefore, the crucial question is: “how to prolong the network lifetime to such a long time?” Hence, maximizing the lifetime of the network through minimizing the energy is an important challenge in WSN; sensors cannot be easily replaced or recharged due to their ad-hoc deployment in hazardous environment. we will survey the main techniques used for energy conservation in sensor networks. Finally, we will make a review on some communication protocols proposed for sensor networks.